Portrait of Louis of France (1661–1711), known as the Grand Dauphin
Studio of Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659–1743)
Paris, circa 1700, late 17th - early 18th century
Oil on oval canvas
Dimensions: H. 80 cm; W. 64 cm
Period 17th century Louis XIV giltwood frame, richly carved
Framed: H. 100 cm; W. 85 cm
The French prince Louis of France, son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Austria, is portrayed here as a fully accomplished military prince, facing the viewer with an expression combining gentleness and quiet confidence. His long, flowing curls fall over his shoulders, while the richly gilt armour underlines his martial status. The delicate white lace cravat and red velvet shoulder pieces contrast with the deep blue sash of the Order of the Holy Spirit. In the background, a smoke-filled sky evokes the prince’s military campaigns and victories, notably the siege of Philippsburg in 1688.
The composition relates closely to the celebrated portrait of the Grand Dauphin painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud in 1697, when the sitter was 36 years old. The original is now lost, but the composition was widely disseminated through numerous studio replicas, including reduced versions such as the present bust-length portrait. This martial portrait forms part of a new representation of the Grand Dauphin as an adult prince, military figure and political heir, projecting his status and authority within the French monarchy.
Related works:
- Hyacinthe Rigaud, original version of 1697, location unknown.
- Hyacinthe Rigaud, probably circa 1721, Royal Palace, Madrid, 144 × 112 cm, inv. 10006875.
- studio of Hyacinthe Rigaud, Château de Versailles, 148 × 116 cm, inv. MV 3598.
Louis of France, known during his lifetime as Monseigneur and later as the Grand Dauphin, was born at Fontainebleau on 1 November 1661 and died at the Château de Meudon on 14 April 1711.
The eldest son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Austria, he was heir to the French throne and received the extensive education and training considered necessary for his future role, according to his father’s wishes. Monseigneur took part in several military campaigns between 1688 and 1694, most notably the capture of Philippsburg in 1688.
He died in 1711 at the age of forty-nine, without ever ascending the throne.